An infographic by the team at Imperative Supplies on sudden cardiac arrest amongst children.
From Visually.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest & Children
Cardiovascular disease
Air pollution and noise increase risk for heart attacks
Considering transportation noise should be an integral part of any studies looking at the impact of air pollution on health Jana Sönksen / Swiss TPH
Where air pollution is high, the level of transportation noise is usually also elevated. Not only air pollution negatively impacts on health, but also car, train and aircraft noise increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, as previous research has demonstrated. Studies investigating the effect of air pollution without sufficiently taking into account the impact that noise exhibits on health, might overestimate the effect of air pollution. These are the results of a comprehensive study conducted by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), which was published today in the peer-reviewed European Heart Journal.
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The study looked at the combined effects of air pollution and transportation noise for heart attack mortality, by considering all deaths that occurred in Switzerland between 2000 and 2008. Analyses that only included fine particulates (PM2.5) suggest that the risk for a heart attack rises by 5.2% per 10 μg/m³ increase in the long-term concentration at home. Studies which also account for road, railway and aircraft noise reveal that the risk for a heart attack attributable to fine particulates in fact increases considerably less; 1.9% per 10 μg/m³ increase. These findings indicate that the negative effects of air pollution may have been overestimated in studies which fail to concurrently consider noise exposure.
“Our study showed that transportation noise increases the risk for a heart attack by 2.0 to 3.4% per 10 decibels increase in the average sound pressure level at home.” said Martin Röösli, Head of the Environmental Exposures and Health Unit at Swiss TPH, and lead author of the published research. “Strikingly, the effects of noise were independent from air pollution exposure.”
Effect of noise and air pollution are additive
The study also found that people exposed to both air pollution and noise are at highest risk of heart attack. Hence, the effects of air pollution and noise are additive. “Public discussions often focus on the negative health effects of either air pollution or noise but do not consider the combined impact.” said Röösli. “Our research suggests that both exposures must be considered at the same time.” This has implications for both policy as well as future research. Hence, Röösli and co-researchers recommend including transportation noise exposure in any further research related to air pollution and health to avoid overestimating the negative effects of air pollution on the cardiovascular system.
Data from across Switzerland
The study included all deaths (19,261) reported across Switzerland from the period 2000 to 2008. The air pollution (PM2.5) was modelled using satellite and geographic data, calibrated with air pollution measurements from 99 measurement sites throughout Switzerland. Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) were also modelled using 9,469 biweekly passive sampling measurements collected between 2000 and 2008 at 1,834 locations in Switzerland. Transportation noise was modelled by well-established noise propagation models (sonRoad, sonRAIL and FLULA 2) by Empa and n-sphere. The air pollution and the transportation noise models were applied for each address of the 4.4 million Swiss adult citizen (aged 30 years and above).
Improve Your Heart Health at Home and Work
How often do you think about your heart at work? You’re probably too busy—with deadlines and meetings, management and projects. But what happens at work impacts your health—and specifically your heart health—in tenuous and impactful ways. For example, think about stress: It’s considered part of the workplace. But too much pressure can mean that you’re not eating well. Or that you’re not leaving your desk and getting some movement in your bones. And if you don’t do that, you may stress your heart.
For millions and millions—in fact over 90 million Americans—heart disease or the after-effects of stroke are primary concern, which means that work activities are especially important. One of the very first things you can do is, of course, food. Too much fat, too much sugar, and too much salt are no-nos. What else do you need to know? This graphic explains it.
Please include attribution to https://zerocater.com with this graphic.
Hypertension Among Adults in the United States
Hypertension is commonly known to everyone by the name “High Blood Pressure”. This is one of the most commonly found chronic disease in which the blood pressure levels are at elevated levels.
Hypertension can be easily detected, and can be kept at controlled levels with proper medication. But, it is left untreated can result in dangerous health conditions like, heart attack, stroke, chronic heart failure, and sometimes can result into kidney diseases.
Hypertension Statistics
Nearly 29.1% of American residents are affected with this disease. When we consider this percentage with respect to sex, women and men are almost same with 28.5% and 29.7% respectively.
The risk of developing hypertension increases with age. Only 7.3% of US residents with age group 18 to 39 years are affected with this health condition. Whereas, when it comes to the age group of 40 to 59 years, percentage of people affected are 32.4%.
And it is 65%, when we consider the US residents who are above 60 years of age. Let us see few more statistics in details in the following infographic.
Hypertension prevention – some tips on lowering high blood pressure
The following infographic is devoted to hypertension prevention. High blood pressure is out of control in the US and worldwide. 2 out of 3 adults in the US (that is 150 million people) and over 1 billion people worldwide have pre-hypertension or hypertension! Only 54% have their blood pressure under control.
Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide leading to premature death. High blood pressure is the single most important risk factor for stroke and heart attacks.
Next, high Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension can lead to serious cardiovascular issues such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
A lower-salt diet means eating less than 1,500 mg of sodium p day. High sodium content is present in typical restaurant food and commercially prepared food (e.g. store, canned, frozen).
